March 1, 2010

The State of Education in Rhode Island, Part 3

Carroll Andrew Morse

An examination of the NECAP reading proficiency results presented in Part 2 reveals that only 2 of 12 Rhode Island school districts that began with 70% or more of their students proficient or better in the 8th grade according to the 2005/2006 NECAPs exhibited an increase in their total numbers of students proficient by the 11th-grade. (The two districts were Portsmouth-Little Compton and Smithfield).

This raises at least two questions almost immediately. First, once a district reaches 70% proficiency, is improving the performance of the 30% who remain below the proficiency line (while not losing any of 70% above the line) a more difficult and perhaps qualitatively different problem than educating the "first" 70%? Note, for example, the contrast with districts that began in the range of 50% to 60% proficient in 8th-grade; 10 out of the 13 of these districts were able to increase their total number of student proficient. Answering this question accurately will ultimately involve either a few more years of Rhode Island data, or data from other parts of the country.

There is a second question, however, that we can go after right away: is talking about "proficient or better" where a discussion about educational achievement should end? One criticism of No Child Left Behind Act and the testing regime it has engendered is that too much emphasis is placed on making students average, perhaps at the expense on helping students excel, i.e. if schools are being held accountable for their number of students who are proficient or better, how much effort will they expend on helping the students already proficient improve from there?

The structure of NECAP provides a way to look into this question. Instead of looking for proficiency-or-better, we can look at the number of students who scored "proficient with distinction" -- the highest score attainable on the NECAP. And, at least at a first glance, the PwD results in reading provide are some of the most encouraging for education in Rhode Island so far, where between the 8th and 11th-grade NECAPs, almost every district in Rhode Island saw an increase in the number of students who scored "proficient with distinction".

Proficient-with-distinction absolute numbers can be turned this into a percentage in the same way as the proficient-or-better numbers were, with the appropriate choice of denominator. One such choice is to use the number of students who were "proficient" in the 8th grade in each district, in cases where districts increased their number of PwD students. One way to interpret this result is as a measure of how well school districts are doing with the group of students that have shown a a level of commitment to academics.

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In mathematics, the basic problem is the opposite from the one of reading; given that every RI district underwent a loss of proficient-or-better students between 8th and 11th-grade results, maybe if the numbers of partially-proficient of better students are analyzed, we will be able to observe a stoppage of the bleeding.

Alas, the result is not any more heartening than the proficient or better is Rhode Island. Every district in Rhode Island saw a decline in the number of students who were partially proficient or better, and there is no avoiding the fact that mathematics education everywhere in Rhode Island is in a state of complete collapse.

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Community # of 11th-Graders, PwD at Reading, '08 and '09 NECAP # of 8th-Graders, PwD at Reading, '05 and '06 NECAP Change in # PwD at Reading, between 8th and 11th Grades # of 8th-Graders, Prof. at Reading, '05 and '06 NECAP Change in # PwD at Reading, between 8th and 11th Grades, as % of '05/'06 8th-Graders Prof.
Bristol-Warren 192 53 139 291 47.8%
Providence 410 85 325 1030 31.6%
Tiverton 97 37 60 191 31.4%
Barrington 326 238 88 288 30.6%
Chariho 147 52 95 327 29.1%
Newport 60 21 39 163 23.9%
Westerly 125 52 73 306 23.9%
Portsmouth-Little Compton 159 82 77 330 23.3%
Lincoln 158 87 71 313 22.7%
South Kingstown 221 134 87 384 22.7%
Foster-Glocester 90 36 54 249 21.7%
Middletown 71 26 45 216 20.8%
Woonsocket 68 10 58 283 20.5%
North Providence 112 52 60 338 17.8%
Smithfield 123 83 40 249 16.1%
Cumberland 167 100 67 468 14.3%
East Greenwich 151 117 34 240 14.2%
Central Falls 22 2 20 148 13.5%
East Providence 139 85 54 447 12.1%
North Kingstown-Jamestown 213 151 62 546 11.4%
Cranston 246 143 103 947 10.9%
Coventry 183 131 52 510 10.2%
Narragansett 63 48 15 162 9.3%
Warwick 244 167 77 952 8.1%
Burillville 55 40 15 247 6.1%
North Smithfield 46 35 11 189 5.8%
West Warwick 90 75 15 264 5.7%
Pawtucket 104 74 30 581 5.2%

Community # of 11th-Graders, PwD at Reading, '08 and '09 NECAP # of 8th-Graders, PwD at Reading, '05 and '06 NECAP Change in # PwD at Reading, between 8th and 11th Grades # of 8th-Graders, Prof. at Reading, '05 and '06 NECAP Change in # PwD at Reading, between 8th and 11th Grades, as % of '05/'06 8th-Graders PwD
Exeter-West Greenwich 34 37 -3 204 -8.1%
Johnston 38 42 -4 299 -9.5%
Scituate 65 92 -27 170 -29.3%

Community # of 11th-Graders, PartPoB at Math, '08 and '09 NECAP # of 8th-Graders, PartPoB at Math, '05 and '06 NECAP Change in # PartPoB at Math, between 8th and 11th Grades Change in # PartPoB at Math, between 8th and 11th Grades, as % of '05/'06 8th-Graders PartPoB
Barrington 500 530 -30 -5.7%
Chariho 396 480 -84 -17.5%
Westerly 341 414 -73 -17.6%
Portsmouth-Little Compton 373 453 -80 -17.7%
Foster-Glocester 288 352 -64 -18.2%
East Greenwich 304 381 -77 -20.2%
Cumberland 509 638 -129 -20.2%
Narragansett 175 221 -46 -20.8%
North Smithfield 201 254 -53 -20.9%
Lincoln 334 429 -95 -22.1%
Burillville 252 326 -74 -22.7%
Bristol-Warren 307 399 -92 -23.1%
North Kingstown-Jamestown 579 768 -189 -24.6%
Exeter-West Greenwich 203 280 -77 -27.5%
Smithfield 257 360 -103 -28.6%
Scituate 206 290 -84 -29.0%
South Kingstown 410 580 -170 -29.3%
West Warwick 292 417 -125 -30.0%
North Providence 260 378 -118 -31.2%
Coventry 494 731 -237 -32.4%
Cranston 796 1230 -434 -35.3%
Warwick 846 1324 -478 -36.1%
Newport 156 245 -89 -36.3%
Woonsocket 286 450 -164 -36.4%
Tiverton 179 285 -106 -37.2%
Middletown 198 327 -129 -39.4%
Providence 946 1638 -692 -42.2%
East Providence 367 652 -285 -43.7%
Central Falls 95 190 -95 -50.0%
Johnston 176 395 -219 -55.4%
Pawtucket 375 924 -549 -59.4%