This is not the biggest question pertaining to Rhode Island’s handling of the failed Washington Bridge – it is secondary, for example, to WHY the state had to offer a serious incentive for what would seem to be a juicy public contract, not to mention what Ken Block is in the process of turning up…
There has been a “Well I Swan” reaction this week in certain quarters to President-Elect Donald Trump’s choice for Secretary of Defense. The big concerns seem to be that Pete Hegseth is a Fox News host; that he lacks defense policy experience or foreign policy chops that he has certain tattoos; and – oh, hey,…
There is a Presidential popular vote chart getting a lot of attention out there that seems to show a big drop in Democratic votes from 2020 to 2024. However, as pointed out by Dan McLaughlin, I think people are getting over their skis before all of the data is in. I thought a picture showing…
While developing plans for the future, I’ve been reading about the history of American journalism, and an observation from the post-Revolution period has been worth more than a few underlines. Political parties always want dedicated media outlets, but media outlets dedicated to partisan politics never pay for themselves. Jefferson had to give a no-show State Department job…
Following the determination in April that the Washington Bridge eastbound was becoming “considerably more sensitive” (gulp), RIDOT contracted to install a new, combined structural health monitoring and vehicle weigh-in-motion program on/between the Washington Bridge and the Iway (Providence River Bridge). In May, RIDOT entered into a five year “sole source” – i.e., no RFP –…
Democrats’ acceptance of violence from their own partisans, especially labor unions, is a major warning sign that they’ll turn away when it happens again in the future, but it’s especially disconcerting to see Attorney General Peter Neronha celebrating violence against police officers: If I seem to be exaggerating, it’s only because I’m not accepting as…
As I understand it, RealPage offers landlords software for renting out and managing their properties. Like other such software across industries, it uses automation and analytics to help its clients conceptualize their assets and their businesses and squeeze out inefficiencies. Among those services is an algorithm that uses local real estate data, including from its…
Not long ago, the ladies of The View displayed the number of associates of Donald Trump who have recently* gone to prison as evidence that “the system is working.” We’d be in better condition as a country if more people realized that the very same visual leads to opposite conclusions for different people, creating a dangerous…
Gene Valicenti’s weekly Tuesday conversation on WPRO with Brown University Professor Wendy Schiller took a slightly unexpected turn yesterday when Gene honored her request to comment on the handling of the Washington Bridge closure. (Starts at Minute 06:45.) Schiller: This is a significant, major problem that if something goes wrong with the eastbound side, for…
They may not be straightforward or easily articulated, though, so just read them through and absorb the awfulness. Here’s the background: Built in the 1980s and 1990s where Scituate Avenue meets Furnace Hill Brook, Alpine Estates was one of the first of what would become many modern subdivisions on what used to be western Cranston…
Although it feels as if genuine policy debates have receded into the background in Rhode Island, reviving them may help correct the corrosion spreading throughout our civic house. Corporate tax incentives, for example, are an area in which conservatives and progressives in Rhode Island tend to agree on the binary “yes/no” question, raising the possibility…
The past week has brought us a startling display of dishonesty from the Democrat Party. Politicians with multiple mansions talked about not letting people take more than they need. The Party’s stated policies, not to mention its level of respect for people who are not its supporters, are nearly inverted from what they’ve actually done…
I suggest the title of this post acknowledging I don’t know a whole lot about Johnston’s unique political scene. Locally, things can be very specific to the individuals involved and their disputes, but I have been a keen observer of factors that make it more difficult for Republicans to work through those disputes. Apparently, Johnston…
[The Roll Call speech, below, by RI GOP National Committeewoman Sue Cienki on July 15 at the RNC Convention included a description of offshore wind, “industrial vandalism of the ocean”, that was not only on point but prophetic — the very next day, Nantucket announced the closure of its beaches and the world began to…
Mark Steyn’s daily pre-election column is vintage Steyn today.
But in Botswana everyone voted on Wednesday, the last up-country results came in on Thursday, the ruling party conceded and the new guy was sworn in on Friday.
That’s a normal election in a normal country.
Meanwhile, back in the greatest country in the history of countries, in twenty-four hours we shall be embarking on the usual folderol offour-hour lines to vote, malfunctioning machines, burst water pipes, court injunctions to keep polls open or close them down (according to taste), pausing the count before it’s completed, and the GDP-boosting quadrennial spike in plywood sales as storekeepers in DC and elsewhere board up their windows.
And that’s if it’s a “normal” election by American standards.
Read the whole thing, wherein Steyn weaves together multiple stories drawn from our rapid-fire headlines. The picture he paints is of the mess we’ve allowed our country to become since we elected a community organizer to the Presidency, and no matter who wins on Tuesday (or whenever), we have to take our country back. As he states in the key point of the essay: “it’s hard to calibrate the precise point at which the soft totalitarianism turns, instantly, into hard, psychotic, murderous totalitarianism … you never know it’s time to break for the border until it’s too late.”
I’ve fallen way behind, so this tweet from Ken Block is a couple months old, but its content is (unfortunately) timeless in Rhode Island:
The picture being painted for me by over ten current and former DOT employees is a toxically managed organization where who you know is far more important than how you do your job and where technical expertise has been systematically eliminated in favor of managers with no industry experience.
Our state government is a scam taking tax dollars for favored members of the Party. Unfortunately, journalists have been indoctrinated in the Democrats-as-heroes storyline for generations, so they are fundamentally incapable of reporting on the story in a way that communicates what’s really going on.
I realized this when watching Democrats’ repeated proclamations about jobs numbers during the Obama years only to see those numbers quietly revised the following month, almost always with the revision making touted jobs disappear, rather than quiet corrections representing improvements. Now, it seems crime data has the same partisan infection. All year, we’ve been hearing that violent crime is down under President Joe Biden, but a few weeks ago, the FBI quietly revised its numbers to show a 4.5% increase in 2022, rather than a decrease. Naturally, that makes the 2023 decrease seem even larger, but here’s the key point:
“I have checked the data on total violent crime from 2004 to 2022,” Carl Moody, a professor at the College of William & Mary who specializes in studying crime, told RealClearInvestigations. “There were no revisions from 2004 to 2015, and from 2016 to 2020, there were small changes of less than one percentage point. The huge changes in 2021 and 2022, especially without an explanation, make it difficult to trust the FBI data.”
These numbers are non-transparent estimates, and no explanation for revision is being offered. The most rational conclusion is that bureaucrats are doing their part to “save our democracy” by keeping Democrats in power.
The news cycle flows by so quickly, lately, that political actors and activists are learning it’s sometimes best to just keep your head down and let the controversy of the day join the rest of the noise tomorrow. Nonetheless, I think there’s something worth noting in the now-passed story about Russia funding some conservative commentators.
First, my caveat is that I no longer trust America’s intelligence services or news media. Even where stories aren’t entirely fabricated, there are simply so many ways to construct a narrative. The agent or journalist can exaggerate claims or leak one-sided information that distorts the context of what’s happening. Imagine, and I’m not saying this is happening, that every commentator across the political spectrum receives some portion of his or her revenue from hostile foreign governments — that it’s simply part of the ecosystem. Releasing that information only as it relates to one group of commentators would make it seem as if they are uniquely bad.
Caveat aside, I can sympathize with some of the commentators’ defenses. I’ve always said what I have to say, and if somebody’s wants to give me money to say it, that’s great. That person didn’t change my view or buy my opinion.
What he or she would be doing, though, is making it possible for me to continue saying what I have to say… and to say more of it. By selectively funding points of view, financiers can adjust the broad field of commentary. It’s not the writer’s fault for wanting to be heard, and frankly, it’s not even the financiers’ fault for wanting to advance their visions. We all have to have our own moral compasses and approach information intelligently and with caution.
To be sure, this is a social challenge, but it doesn’t lend itself to easy solutions. Attempting to force transparency or, worse, ban pernicious funding or statements only amplifies the caveat expressed above.
I find it ominous that one of my children’s dentist just cancelled an appointment for tomorrow due to short staffing. RI’s medical infrastructure feels a bit like we could get the equivalent of an emergency Washington Bridge closure at any time. Or maybe we’ve been getting them, but the people who run the state are better able to distract from and hide the effects.
Last night, I read a business case about a handful of billionaires who’ve been trying to make lab-grown meat a viable consumer product, and I wondered something tangential. Imagine if a handful of billionaires decided they needed to have a pliable big-government progressive in the White House.
They might flood her accounts with hundreds of millions of dollars laundered through untraceable donations designed to appear grass roots.
They might use the major media outlets they own to twist reality.
They might pay people to fill up arenas so that the candidate appears to be popular.
Then they might manipulate an insecure election system, including mail ballots, to simply install their preferred candidate, while pointing at the scandals they generated in media about the other candidate and the astroturf popularity of the “winner.”
This might sound conspiratorial and crazy, but these same people are trying to grow frankenburgers — not because they think it will be profitable, but because they want to “save the environment” and trick you into a diet that they believe is healthier.
It’s a passing thought, of course, but Rhode Island Governor Dan McKee’s mild lament that a State House celebration of a basketball trophy is happening during school hours bugs me. Somehow, it emphasizes the point that our government officials see the well-being of children — of all regular Rhode Islanders, for that matter — as secondary side-effects of insiders’ going about their big, important business, which seems often to focus on providing them power and enjoyment.
A local kid making it big is an inspiring story, but local officials use such things to inspire mainly themselves.
Something more like a cookbook or plantation. I’ve heard complaints that conservatives have “no plan for you” — or “no vision for what the town should be” — repeatedly over the years, and I think it’s the most disturbing complaint progressives make.
Chris Rufo articulates my view:
Where do I see the town, state, or country going? Well, I hope it’s going toward freedom and mutual good will, but that’s about as detailed as I can get. Mostly, I’m excited to see where individual people, families, and organizations will take us with their drive and ingenuity, but terrified of where activists who abuse government power to implement their plans and vision will take us if we let them.
The reason it’s terrifying isn’t only that unrealized gains are purely hypothetical. The proposal (and defenses of it) show that for many taxation has become purely a money-finding scheme requiring the scantiest of rationale. By their nature, unrealized capital gains do not actually exist; they are hypothetical.
While striving to come up with some sort of argument that they’d be nothing radical, I’ve seen supporters make two arguments: First, that people pay taxes on the increased value of their homes through the property tax, and second, that people with large assets are able to use them as collateral for loans, which means they are real.
On the first count, the property tax isn’t a tax on gains. It’s an ad valorem tax — that is, on the whole value — assessed and paid repeatedly every year. Moreover, in most cases, it’s actually a tax on the percentage the individual or entity owns of all the taxable property within that particular government’s scope. Typically, the government figures out how much tax it wants to collect, and the value of a piece of property is the proportion the taxpayer will pay. Some years it will go up, relative to other taxpayers, and some years it will go down.
The same thing partially applies to the other count. Lenders are considering the entirety of assets as collateral, not just new gains. More importantly, what they’re doing is assessing that the entire asset is sufficiently secure that it could be sold to cover an unpaid debt, and the lender accepts the risk. That the lender trusts that the value will be real at some hypothetical future date following a default does not mean that it is real right now.
With the caveat that we have to infer what he’s trying to suggest, I think we can conclude Attorney General Peter Neronha is implying Rhode Island isn’t keeping up on electric vehicle charging ports:
Well, yeah. Rhode Island is a small state, geographically, meaning people are never very far from home, and in any event, from what I’ve seen around the state, we’ve already got more charging ports than the population is demanding.
That’s the thing about government-originated “investments.” In the private sector, somebody would see the need for something, as indicated in this case by lines for charging ports or something like that, and invest in a profitable solution. In government, activists decree a standard, and politicians lament that they haven’t met the activists’ expensive standards.
But we have to be wary of the political whipsaw. Evan Masse’s tweet was dumb and insensitive, but his practical problem was that he was caught up in what we might call a Democrat call for evidence.
It would be a very normal reaction to pause upon seeing Walz’s son at the Democrat National Convention and observe his filmed reaction was a bit outside of the range for normal behavior, but as the inverted media cliche goes, the Democrats pounced. TwiX was full of lamentations about attacks on the boy, as if there were Republicans holding mockery parties, as opposed to a few marginal comments. Democrats were quickly fundraising off their righteousness.
So of course the news media is going to get the message that they should be out there trying to find related stories, and of course local Democrats are going to be eager for the ammunition. Republicans have to expect that and act accordingly, not only for their own behavior, but also for those with whom they interacdt.
In Rhode Island, the GOP is very accepting and eager for support and help, but members of the party have to be vigilant and to coach those in their midst.
Katherine Gregg took a look at the current state of the race for leadership of the Rhode Island GOP, and the question that comes to my mind is whether it really matters. On a surface level, the uncertain proposition is that even a functioning GOP could make a difference, which I’m not sure the Rhode Island system would allow anymore.
More deeply, to the extent the RIGOP could make a difference, I’m not sure any of the candidates or commentators — in or out of Gregg’s piece — say anything that indicates they understand the problem. There’s a lot about messaging. Some maligning of Donald Trump as the heart of the problem, and (most usefully) encouragement of the basics of electoral mechanics, such as recruiting and training candidates.
But none of that is adequate. Even great candidates with the right message will be rolled by aggression and deliberately fostered chaos. Those who oppose the establishment in Rhode Island need coherence and the mutual support it fosters. What we need is social, advancing cultural change. The RIGOP can help or hurt in that project, but the real fix isn’t, strictly speaking, political.
We should repeal all federal income taxes. Income taxes are a great evil that has changed the nature of our relationship with government.
Instead, the federal government should be funded through a capitation (per-person) tax payable proportionally by each state. That is, our states would be responsible for collecting a tax calculated based purely on their own population counts, and each could collect the money in the way it deems best.
While their geographies, populations, and resources might make different forms of taxation preferable across the states, my generic preference is for a property tax collected at the municipal level and then paid upward to the state as the means of state funding.
The value of the government is the value of being within its borders, and its revenue should be directly related to that value, with as few subjective or confounding factors as possible. Why should we be taxed on income or production (sales)?
Observing the lack of media curiosity about who runs the country while Joe Biden takes weeks of vacations, Steyn asks:
If that question is of no interest to the media or the majority of the American people, then what is the point of being breathless with excitement over a two-year presidential election campaign? Or even the truncated three-month express-check-in Kamala Harris version?
Arguably, Donald Trump became president because enough Americans were fed up with elections’ meaninglessness, and the Democrat establishment has responded by making them even more so. None of it — the health of the nation, the policies, the candidates — seems to matter anymore, provided the Party stays in power.
Steyn goes on to observe that France’s ruling party is refusing to step aside despite losing, and English progressives’ governing like they’ve got a mandate when their victory was narrow. As he writes, “when the left win, they’re in power; when the right win, they’re in office.” In England’s case, that means the elimination of the right to speak against government immigration policies.
Again, that “doesn’t leave a lot of point to the democratic process, does it?” No, and time is getting short to put a stop to this deterioration.
Note how progressive Democrats have framed the universe, as Sunny observes:
As always, people who disagree with progressives are abusing power when they do anything to their own advantage, but progressives are never abusing power when they do whatever it takes to win. Keep an eye out for this dynamic especially when it comes to cheating in elections. Whatever they can’t claim is unproven, they excuse as simply doing what is necessary to win.
Progressives won’t admit it, often even to themselves, but the only thing that is truly against the rules is defeating progressives.
Gabrielle Caracciolo, of NBC 10, reports that the McKee administration is hiding behind its lawsuits to avoid releasing the “forensic analysis… to determinhe what went wrong and who is responsible for the failure of the Washington Bridge.” But she did do some investigating:
An NBC 10 News investigation found when it comes to “quality control and assurance,” the state’s bridge inspection manual indicates both the consultant and the state bear some responsibility.
According to the manual, consultants responsible for inspections are required to ensure the reports are reviewed for “completeness, accuracy and content.”
It is (or should be) obvious that the government entity accountable to the public for public works projects is ultimately responsible for failure. Journalists shouldn’t have to investigate that proposition, and the governor shouldn’t pretend it isn’t so for the sake of lawsuits.
We’re entering a truly bizarre form of representative democracy in Rhode Island. Just as the government regulates speech in the one area in which it should be least involved — politics and elections — it is claiming to be the one entity not accountable to the public. In essence, the governor’s position is that Rhode Islanders don’t need facts to ensure accountability of state department because the governor represents us, and he knows them, so we can hold him accountable for facts that we don’t know… or something.
… to relieve their existential anxiety, people want a simple story in which the good guys and the bad guys are easy to identify.
Genuinely bad people are willing to lie and tell that simplistic story, while good people acknowledge nuance and accept a share of blame. This imbalance tilts the community’s judgment scale against the good people and worsens as individuals who are less bad become more invested in the story and individuals who are less good become less willing to stand with the nuance because they are then saddled with disproportionate blame.
A moment will come (and we’re fast approaching it) when the lies of the bad have become so outrageous and harmful to everybody that their badness is, indeed, obvious and nuance does not apply because their blame is wholly owned. Yes, that moment will come, but its arrival does not inevitably portend the victory of the good; it may come too late.
Mark Steyn raises the peculiarity of the mysterious deaths of two businessmen who actually managed to beat the U.S. Department of Justice’s process-is-the-punishment racket. Apparently, the statistics suggest that the DOJ way overcharges its targets in the hopes of pushing for a settlement: “95 percent of cases are won by prosecutors, 90 percent of those without trial.”
Despite the odds, Mike Lynch and Stephen Chamberlain won their case, but now both are dead under mysterious circumstances. Lynch’s yacht fell victim to a fluke boating calamity, and Chamberlain was hit by a car while on his daily run.
The latter is what brings to mind a bit of forgotten Rhode Island mafia history. Shortly after his paper published information about a secret mafia ceremony, publisher Michael Metcalf died by falling off his bicycle. Sure, authorities concluded it was simply an accident, but Projo chairman and publisher, at the time, Stephen Hamblett expressed some skepticism: “we cannot forget that Mr. Metcalf was publisher of newspapers known for their investigative stories and editorials on crime. This fact, coupled with the unique circumstances surrounding his death, make it impossible for us to rule out foul play.”
I’ve often noted that the popular Crimetown podcast had a notable shift in its first season, starting with mafia corruption and moving into government corruption. It has seemed to me that perhaps that captures a trend that actually happened in the Ocean State. If the United States government is following the same trend, we should all be worried, indeed.
In the heat of the battle, political controversies over yard signs can become an almost comedic proxy for heated disagreements. I’ve seen people in the heat of a busy campaign drop everything to do battle with people stealing the yard signs of the other side or placing their own signs on property where they aren’t allowed.
A consistent lesson is that people will cheat when they perceive the stakes to be high, when they’re caught up in the result, and when they think it unlikely they’ll be caught. So, it’s disconcerting to see mail ballots joining yard signs in the heat of the Democrat primary for Rhode Island House District 9.
In addition to the normal yard sign controversies, State Representative Enrique Sanchez is raising a red flag about voters’ phone numbers being switched for mail ballots. More dramatically, one of his opponents, Santos Javier, has filed complaints, accompanied by notarized letters from people alleging that a Sanchez supporter has been pressuring voters to sign ballots before taking the ballots and filling in the vote for Sanchez.
That sounds like a pretty drastic and risky approach to mail ballot fraud, leaving campaigns apt to be caught, but we should take it as a warning. The placement of a particular yard sign is of unknowable value in a campaign, but these are actual votes.
… by the discomfiting fascist, Orwellian tone of this campaign from supposed good-government-group Common Cause RI:
It’s bad enough on its face, but it’s worse when you break down the manipulative message. First, Common Cause wants you to believe that you can instantly identify “disinformation about voting.” Next, the organization asserts that you have a responsibility to act against it. The first step in doing so is to help censor it by failing to “engage, react, or comment.” Instead, you’re to run to the nearest authority — Common Cause — in order to file a report.
And who are these authorities? That’s the curious part. Common Cause RI has been a leading force in our state creating regulatory barriers to civic engagement, with the excuse of providing voters with information about who’s supporting candidates and causes. Yet, the ReportDisinfo About page is laughably sparse. There’s a box on the bottom that looks like a button, saying “Paid for by Common Cause Education Fund,” but it’s not a button. You’d have to investigate even that.
There’s little doubt in my mind that Common Cause RI will be onboard someday when progressives start rounding people up for wrongthink.
Boston Globe columnist Jeff Jacoby offers a startling statistic:
Blaming the Department of Education isn’t only a matter of post hoc ergo propter hoc, and I’d say the unionization of teachers played an equal or greater role in destroying American education. To be sure, both developments echo a similar underlying problem in the same direction: They move education farther from families’ ability to force accountability for failure on the system. The Department of Education facilitates top-down policy from far-away D.C., in part by empowering academic experimenters, while teachers’ unions transform the workforce on the scene into an unaccountable jobs program.
But again: People don’t have to agree with my conclusions for us to agree that we ought to be debating this problem more.
Politics This Week: The Familiar Face of Battling Corruptions
John DePetro and Justin Katz observe the competing (but very similar) factions of corruption in RI.
Politics This Week: RI’s Unshakable Faith in Government
John DePetro and Justin Katz review the growing list of reasons RI should question giving government more authority.
Truck Tolls or Any Tolls – Ever More Revenue Still Ain’t the Fix
They’re ba-a-a-a-a-ack. Well, strong possibility. Truck-only tolls, that is. To clarify, Rhode Island’s only-in-the-nation, truck-only toll law is not just discriminatory – it applies only to a certain type of vehicle, trucks – but it is actually doubly discriminatory – it applies only to CERTAIN trucks (Class 8 and above). But the federal appeals court…
Politics This Week: Living in the Debacle State
John DePetro and Justin Katz discuss the government and political lunacy of Rhode Island, these days.
Politics This Week: Whom Do They Think They’re Kidding?
John DePetro and Justin Katz review political news from the state and nation.
Politics This Week: RI’s Unshakable Faith in Government
John DePetro and Justin Katz review the growing list of reasons RI should question giving government more authority.
Truck Tolls or Any Tolls – Ever More Revenue Still Ain’t the Fix
They’re ba-a-a-a-a-ack. Well, strong possibility. Truck-only tolls, that is. To clarify, Rhode Island’s only-in-the-nation, truck-only toll law is not just discriminatory – it applies only to a certain type of…
Politics This Week: Living in the Debacle State
John DePetro and Justin Katz discuss the government and political lunacy of Rhode Island, these days.
Politics This Week: Whom Do They Think They’re Kidding?
John DePetro and Justin Katz review political news from the state and nation.
Politics This Week: RI in Jeopardy
John DePetro and Justin Katz address the question insiders don’t seem to ask.
Politics This Week: He Knows They Are, but What Is He?
John DePetro and Justin Katz evaluate the landscape for Democrat RI.
Frankly, I’m surprised powerful interests have even let get this far:
The special counsel tasked with chasing down the origins of the Russia collusion conspiracy perpetrated against candidate and President Donald Trump reportedly has issued more criminal indictments in federal court.
A federal grand jury convened by John Durham, the former Connecticut U.S. attorney, issued the indictments as a follow-up to the indictment of the Hillary Clinton campaign lawyer Michael Sussmann, according to reports from National Review and CNN.
My goodness. How did the United States wind up with Gina Raimondo front and center as potentially the most significant trade war the century bubbles?
Raimondo said Beijing is reneging on its phase one trade deal with the former U.S. administration in 2020. The deal, signed by the Chinese regime, aimed to vastly increase Chinese purchases of U.S. manufactured products. …
“The Chinese need to play by the rules. We need to hold their feet to the fire and hold them accountable,” Raimondo said in a separate interview with National Public Radio broadcast on Sept. 28.
Maybe she should send them one of her “knock it off” t-shirts.
Look, I’m vaccinated against COVID-19, and I’m hesitant-but-persuadable on a booster at some point, but the fact is that everything Anthony Fauci says has to be considered a convenient lie, at this point:
“Ultimately I believe that the optimal regimen for the vaccine for the mRNAs is going to include that third booster shot,” Fauci, the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said during a remote talk held as part of the Atlantic Festival.
Three doses will become “the proper, complete regimen.”
Yeah, whatever. This guy says whatever he thinks will get people to act in the way he wants. He’s the face of lost credibility of our public health establishment and ought to have gone long ago.
Per Conn Carroll in the Washington Examiner, “Mexico warned Biden his border policies would cause migrant surge“:
Buried 30 paragraphs into a New York Times story on President Joe Biden’s “chaotic” immigration policies, the paper reported that the Mexican government warned the Biden administration that its plan to undo President Donald Trump’s “Remain in Mexico” policy would lead to a surge in migrants at the border.
I can’t help but wonder whether the ideologies directing our domestic politics affect the amount of coverage this sort of incident gets:
An estimated 49 people, including women and children, were killed in a two-hour-long attack by Muslim Fulani herdsman who “came in large numbers and began shooting at anything on sight,” according to the priest, who spoke to Middle Belt Times on condition of anonymity because he serves in the region.